The article discusses that the adaptation strategies of American firms against the backdrop of China's industrial policies are as follows: Firstly, they carry out strategic shifts within the American market, avoiding direct competition and turning to upstream and downstream areas of the supply chain; secondly, they redistribute production across national borders by directly establishing production bases in China to fully leverage China's policy advantages. These strategies demonstrate the strategic flexibility and strong adaptability of American firms in the face of global economic shocks.
China’s solar subsidies triggered innovation and learning-by-doing that dramatically lowered global solar costs while generating domestic economic gains large enough to outweigh the subsidy costs, showing that green industrial policy can simultaneously boost growth and help fight climate change.
We find that people born in the fourth quarter tend to have better lifecycle outcomes than others in China. More importantly, this birth quarter effect is significantly larger for females than for males. Such a gendered pattern is likely driven by seasonal variations in household resources induced by agricultural seasonality, which may exert gender-differentiated effects on intrahousehold neonatal investment due to son preference. These findings have meaningful implications for the role of economic development in reducing gender inequality through the (gender-neutral) increase in household resources.
Higher compensation incentivizes workers to work additional hours and stay at the firm, while increased monitoring enhances work quality but also increases quitting by workers.
Barriers to entry facing new firms are a major source of regional economic differences. Removing these barriers can play an important role in economic convergence and growth.